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TOA Electronics Speaker Guide10Chapter 1: Getting Started: System Design StepsSystem design is essentially a process of answering the right questions

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide115. How should the speakers be distributed throughout the space?What layout pattern will be used (i.e., square or hexago

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide12Chapter 2: System ApplicationsPagingPaging systems communicate voice announcements throughout a building or area. Distr

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide System Applications13Background MusicBackground music places different demands on a sound system than paging. Consider

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide14Chapter 3: Speaker TypesThere are four speaker types for distributed systems: ceiling, wall-mount, in-wall, and paging

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Types15In-wall Speakers Figure 3-3 H-1 in-wall speakerInstalling the speaker inside a wall is unobtrusive and d

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Types16SubwoofersFigure 3-5 FB-100 subwoofer (left) and HB-1 in-wall subwooferDistributed music systems are ofte

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide17Chapter 4: Audio BasicsThe DecibelThe Bel, named in honor of Alexander Graham Bell, was originally defined as the loss

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Audio Basics18Sensitivity Ratings and the DecibelA speaker’s sensitivity is the on-axis loudness (dB SPL) measured at a

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Audio Basics19Masking, Upward Masking, and the Haas EffectMasking refers to one sound being obscured by another so it i

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Audio Basics20EqualizationEqualization, or EQ, is the process by which the amplitude of discrete frequency ranges is adj

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide21Chapter 5: Using Speaker SpecificationsDetermining Maximum Output: Sensitivity and Power HandlingA thorough system desi

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Using Speaker Specifications22Question: What is the maximum long-term average output capability of the speaker at 80 ft?

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Using Speaker Specifications23Coverage AngleThe coverage angle of a speaker is the angle within which the SPL is no mor

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide24Chapter 6: Layout and Spacing for Distributed Speaker SystemsMany installed speaker systems use a distributed sound des

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Layout and Spacing for Distributed Speaker Systems25Figure 6-1 Ceiling speaker coverage areaThe speaker’s dispersion ch

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Layout and Spacing for Distributed Speaker Systems26Layout PatternsSquare and hexagonal patterns are the layouts most co

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Layout and Spacing for Distributed Speaker Systems27Edge-to-Center (also called center-to-center; spacing distance = ra

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Layout and Spacing for Distributed Speaker Systems28Wall-Mount SpeakersNOTE: Before considering a wall-mount installatio

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Layout and Spacing for Distributed Speaker Systems29Speaker Spacing and Layout PatternBecause of the triangular shape o

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide30Chapter 7: Amplifier SelectionDirect Connection or Constant VoltageInstalled sound systems commonly use either a direct

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Amplifier Selection315. Use the top half of the chart for level change with power input (see Figure 5-2 on page 22) to

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Amplifier Selection32Using the level change with power input chart (see Figure 5-2 on page 22), we see that 4 W per spea

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Amplifier Selection33High-Quality Multi-Purpose SystemA multi-purpose room needs high-quality sound for video and A/V p

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide34Chapter 8: Speaker Application TablesHow to Use This SectionThis section is intended to serve as a quick reference to s

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables35Wall-mount SpeakersSpacing recommendations for wall-mounted speakers will vary dramatically

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables36Ceiling-mount SpeakersF-101C/MF-101C/M SpecificationsCoverage Angle 120º H x 120º VFrequency

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables37F-121C/MF-121C/M SpecificationsCoverage Angle hemisphericalFrequency Response 80 Hz – 18 kH

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables38PC-671R/RVPC-671R/RV SpecificationsCoverage Angle 65º H x 65º VFrequency Response 90 Hz – 16

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables39H-1H-1 SpecificationsCoverage Angle 120º H x 100º VFrequency Response 120 Hz – 20 kHzSensit

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables40H-1 Coverage and Spacing (Wall Mount)Height Above Listener h-l (ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)Co

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables41H-2/WPH-2/WP SpecificationsCoverage Angle 100º H x 60º VFrequency Response 100 Hz – 20 kHz

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables42Wall-mount SpeakersBS-1030B/WBS-1030B/W SpecificationsCoverage Angle 100º H x 100º VFrequenc

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables43BS-20W/WHTBS-20W/WHT SpecificationsCoverage Angle 30º H x 90º VFrequency Response 100 Hz –

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables44CS-64, CS-154, CS-304CS Series SpecificationsCS-64 CS-154 CS-304Coverage Angle (2 kHz) 100º

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables45CS-64 Coverage and SpacingHeight Above Listener h-l (ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)CoverageArea

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables46CS-304 Coverage and SpacingHeight Above Listener h-l (ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)CoverageArea

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables47F-160G/W, F-240G/WF-160/F-240 SpecificationsF-160 F-240Coverage Angle 90º H x 90º V 90º H x

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables48F-160/F-240 Coverage and SpacingHeight Above Listener h-l (ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)Coverag

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables49F-505G/W, F-605G/WF-505/F-605 SpecificationsF-505G/W F-605G/WCoverage Angle 60º H x 40º V 6

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide vTable of ContentsList of Figures...

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables50F-505/F-605 Coverage and SpacingHeight Above Listener h-l (ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)Coverag

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables51H-3/WPH-3/WP SpecificationsCoverage Angle 140º H x 70º VFrequency Response 100 Hz – 20 kHzS

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables52Paging HornsSC-610/T, SC-615/T, SC-630/T, SC-650SC Series SpecificationsSC610/T SC615/T SC63

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables53SC-610/T Coverage and SpacingHeight Above Listener h-l(ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)Coverage A

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables54SC-630/T Coverage and SpacingHeight Above Listener h-l(ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)Coverage Ar

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide Speaker Application Tables55SC-650 Coverage and SpacingHeight Above Listener h-l (ft) Downward Tilt(degrees)Coverage Ar

TOA Electronics Speaker GuideA-1Appendix A: Wire Size ChartsTable 1 Speaker Cable Lengths (ft) and Gauges (AWG) for 70.7 V Line with 1 dB Power LossT

TOA Electronics Speaker GuideA-2Appendix B: Speaker Mounting Hardware and Accessory ReferenceModel Mounting Hardware AccessoriesBS-1030B/WCeiling/Wall

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide viChapter 5: Using Speaker Specifications...21Determining Maximu

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TOA Electronics Speaker Guide viiChapter 8: Speaker Application Tables...34How to Use Thi

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide viiiList of Figures3-1 F-101C/M, F-121C/M ceiling speakers .....

TOA Electronics Speaker Guide9Welcome to the TOA Speaker Guide TOA has long been recognized as a manufacturer of high-quality, flexible, and reliable